Deep Brain Stimulation: A Paradigm Shifting Approach to Treat Parkinson’s Disease

Deep brain stimulation is a device based therapy which involves implantation of electrodes within certain areas of the brain which produce electrical impulses. The amount of stimulation is controlled by a pacemaker-like device, which is placed in the upper chest. A wire connects this pacemaker-like device to the electrodes in the brain that travels under the skin. The deep brain stimulation devices are used for the treatment of dystonia, essential tremor, Parkinson’s disease, stroke recovery, major depression and many others.

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Currently, stimulation electrodes are implanted in specific target regions of the basal ganglia-thalamic circuit and stimulation pulses are delivered chronically. Next-generation stimulation strategies will capitalize on recent advances in recurrent artificial neural networks to inspire intelligent neural prosthetics that learn when patients sleep, walk, speak or exhibit symptoms such as tremor or bradykinesia.

Top Leading Market Players: Boston Scientific Corporation, ALEVA NEUROTHERAPEUTICS SA, Medtronic, LivaNova PLC, NeuroPace, Zynex Medical, Neuronetics, NeuroSigma, Abbott and Functional Neuromodulation

The future of deep brain stimulation

Despite the success of deep brain stimulation, it’s not fully understood how or why it works, which makes it difficult to improve the technology.

One problem with current devices is that the stimulation is always on and always delivered in exactly the same pattern, at least until the patient has a check-up with their neurologist. The constant use drains the chest-implanted battery that powers the electrode in the brain and may also produce side effects.

An ideal solution would be to create a device that automatically adjusts the level of stimulation based on the person’s symptoms. For example, the brain of a patient with epilepsy can exhibit tell-tale signs of an oncoming seizure, which could be used to trigger stimulation that may stop its progression.

Once the seizure activity ends, the stimulation would switch off. The key is being able to detect and respond to abnormal activity, which is not an easy task. Some experts believe this will be easier for epilepsy than other conditions because the misfiring of neurons is more defined.

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North America followed by Europe, is expected to dominate the deep brain stimulation devices market in the global arena due to the increasing number of neurosurgical disorders among the aging population. Additionally, developments in neuroimaging promise efficacy improvements in DBS surgeries is also expected to upsurge the growth of the market. The Asia-Pacific region is anticipated to show a significant growth rate over the next five years in the global deep brain stimulation devices market owing to the improving neurosurgical treatments or techniques in the region.

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